335 research outputs found
Hawking Radiation from AdS Black Holes
We investigate Hawking radiation from black holes in (d+1)-dimensional
anti-de Sitter space. We focus on s-waves, make use of the geometrical optics
approximation, and follow three approaches to analyze the radiation. First, we
compute a Bogoliubov transformation between Kruskal and asymptotic coordinates
and compare the different vacua. Second, following a method due to Kraus,
Parikh, and Wilczek, we view Hawking radiation as a tunneling process across
the horizon and compute the tunneling probablility. This approach uses an
anti-de Sitter version of a metric originally introduced by Painleve for
Schwarzschild black holes. From the tunneling probability one also finds a
leading correction to the semi-classical emission rate arising from the
backreaction to the background geometry. Finally, we consider a spherically
symmetric collapse geometry and the Bogoliubov transformation between the
initial vacuum state and the vacuum of an asymptotic observer.Comment: 13 pages, latex2e, v2: some clarifications and references adde
Point-contact Andreev-reflection spectroscopy in ReFeAsO_{1-x}F_x (Re = La, Sm): Possible evidence for two nodeless gaps
A deep understanding of the character of superconductivity in the recently
discovered Fe-based oxypnictides ReFeAsO1-xFx (Re = rare-earth) necessarily
requires the determination of the number of the gaps and their symmetry in k
space, which are fundamental ingredients of any model for the pairing mechanism
in these new superconductors. In the present paper, we show that point-contact
Andreev-reflection experiments performed on LaFeAsO1-xFx (La-1111) polycrystals
with Tc ~ 27 K and SmFeAsO0.8F0.2 (Sm-1111) ones with Tc ~ 53 K gave
differential conductance curves exhibiting two peaks at low bias and two
additional structures (peaks or shoulders) at higher bias, an experimental
situation quite similar to that observed by the same technique in pure and
doped MgB2. The single-band Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model is totally unable to
properly fit the conductance curves, while the two-gap one accounts remarkably
well for the shape of the whole experimental dI/dV vs. V curves. These results
give direct evidence of two nodeless gaps in the superconducting state of
ReFeAsO1-xFx (Re = La, Sm): a small gap, Delta1, smaller than the BCS value
(2Delta1/kBTc ~ 2.2 - 3.2) and a much larger gap Delta2 which gives a ratio
2Delta2/kBTc ~ 6.5 - 9. In Sm-1111 both gaps close at the same temperature,
very similar to the bulk Tc, and follow a BCS-like behaviour, while in La-1111
the situation is more complex, the temperature dependence of the gaps showing
remarkable deviations from the BCS behaviour at T close to Tc. The normal-state
conductance reproducibly shows an unusual, but different, shape in La-1111 and
Sm-1111 with a depression or a hump at zero bias, respectively. These
structures survive up to T* ~ 140 K, close to the temperatures at which
structural and magnetic transitions occur in the parent, undoped compound.Comment: 10 pages, 7 color figures, Special Issue of Physica C on
Superconducting Pnictide
Metric Fluctuation Corrections to Hawking Radiation
We study how fluctuations of the black hole geometry affect the properties of
Hawking radiation. Even though we treat the fluctuations classically, we
believe that the results so obtained indicate what might be the effects induced
by quantum fluctuations in a self consistent treatment. To characterize the
fluctuations, we use the model introduced by York in which they are described
by an advanced Vaidya metric with a fluctuating mass. Under the assumption of
spherical symmetry, we solve the equation of null outgoing rays. Then, by
neglecting the greybody factor, we calculate the late time corrections to the
s-wave contributions of the energy flux and the asymptotic spectrum. We find
three kind of modifications. Firstly, the energy flux fluctuates around its
average value with amplitudes and frequencies determined by those of the metric
fluctuations. Secondly, this average value receives two positive contributions
one of which can be reinterpreted as due to the `renormalisation' of the
surface gravity induced by the metric fluctuations. Finally, the asymptotic
spectrum is modified by the addition of terms containing thermal factors in
which the frequency of the metric fluctuations acts as a chemical potential.Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX. Revised versio
Conformal Transformations in Cosmology of Modified Gravity: the Covariant Approach Perspective
The 1+3 covariant approach and the covariant gauge-invariant approach to
perturbations are used to analyze in depth conformal transformations in
cosmology. Such techniques allow us to obtain very interesting insights on the
physical content of these transformations, when applied to non-standard
gravity. The results obtained lead to a number of general conclusions on the
change of some key quantities describing any two conformally related
cosmological models. In particular, it is shown that the physics in the
Einstein frame has characteristics which are completely different from those in
the Jordan frame. Even if some of the geometrical properties of the cosmology
are preserved (homogeneous and isotropic Universes are mapped into homogeneous
and isotropic universes), it can happen that decelerating cosmologies are
mapped into accelerated ones. Differences become even more pronounced when
first-order perturbations are considered: from the 1+3 equations it is seen
that first-order vector and tensor perturbations are left unchanged in their
structure by the conformal transformation, but this cannot be said of the
scalar perturbations, which include the matter density fluctuations. Behavior
in the two frames of the growth rate, as well as other evolutionary features,
like the presence or absence of oscillations, etc., appear to be different too.
The results obtained are then explicitly interpreted and verified with the help
of some clarifying examples based on -gravity cosmologies.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure
High-field phase-diagram of Fe arsenide superconductors
Here, we report an overview of the phase diagram of single layered and double
layered Fe arsenide superconductors at high magnetic fields. Our systematic
magnetotransport measurements of polycrystalline SmFeAsOF at
different doping levels confirm the upward curvature of the upper critical
magnetic field as a function of temperature defining the phase
boundary between the superconducting and metallic states for crystallites with
the ab planes oriented nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field. We further
show from measurements on single crystals that this feature, which was
interpreted in terms of the existence of two superconducting gaps, is
ubiquitous among both series of single and double layered compounds. In all
compounds explored by us the zero temperature upper critical field ,
estimated either through the Ginzburg-Landau or the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg
single gap theories, strongly surpasses the weak coupling Pauli paramagnetic
limiting field. This clearly indicates the strong coupling nature of the
superconducting state and the importance of magnetic correlations for these
materials. Our measurements indicate that the superconducting anisotropy, as
estimated through the ratio of the effective masses for carriers moving along the c-axis and the ab planes,
respectively, is relatively modest as compared to the high- cuprates, but
it is temperature, field and even doping dependent. Finally, our preliminary
estimations of the irreversibility field , separating the vortex-solid
from the vortex-liquid phase in the single layered compounds, indicates that it
is well described by the melting of a vortex lattice in a moderately
anisotropic uniaxial superconductor.Comment: 12 pages, for Physica C, special issue on the Fe oxypnictides
(revised version
Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS
We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a
significant distance from their production point into a final state containing
charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is
conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV
and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS
detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles
is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We
observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of
supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the
neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino
masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final
version to appear in Physics Letters
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